The Required Skills for Freelancers
The Required Skills for Freelancers
This guide is designed for people who want to start freelancing, work remotely, and offer services to clients locally or internationally. It is also suitable for use as training material for Remote Job Academy.
Page 1: Introduction to Freelancing
Freelancing is a form of work in which an individual offers services to clients on a project, hourly, or contract basis rather than relying exclusively on permanent employment.
Freelancers can work from home, a shared office, or a client's premises. Many find opportunities through online marketplaces, professional networks, referrals, and direct client outreach.
Why freelancing is important
- It allows people to offer their skills to different clients.
- It can provide flexibility over working hours and location.
- It offers opportunities to develop professional experience.
- It allows beginners to build a portfolio through practice projects.
- It can provide access to international clients without relocating.
Common freelance services
- Virtual assistance and administrative support
- Graphic design and Canva design
- Content writing and editing
- Bookkeeping and accounting support
- Data entry and spreadsheet management
- Website development
- Video editing
- Digital marketing and social media management
- Customer support
- AI data evaluation and content review
What does it take to succeed?
Freelancers need more than technical knowledge. They also need communication, time management, problem-solving, client relationship, and basic business skills.
The most important principle is to learn a service, demonstrate your ability, deliver reliable work, and continue improving.
Page 2: Choosing a Marketable Freelance Skill
Before applying for freelance jobs, decide which service you want to offer. Trying to learn everything at once can slow your progress.
A marketable skill is an ability that helps a client solve a problem or achieve a specific result.
Examples of freelance skills
Virtual assistance
Managing email, calendars, appointments, documents, and online research.
Graphic design
Creating flyers, presentations, social media graphics, and marketing materials.
Bookkeeping and data management
Organising financial records, updating spreadsheets, and reconciling transactions where qualified.
Video editing
Editing footage, adding captions, improving audio, and preparing videos for social media.
How to choose the right skill
Consider these four questions:
- What do I already know how to do?
- What can I learn using available resources and equipment?
- What problems do potential clients need help solving?
- Can I create a sample that demonstrates my ability?
For example, someone with administrative experience might begin with virtual assistance, document formatting, spreadsheet management, or recruitment support.
Practical exercise: Write down three skills you already possess. Select one to develop into a clear freelance service.
Page 3: Digital Literacy and Computer Skills
Digital literacy is the ability to use computers, smartphones, internet services, and digital applications effectively and safely. It is a foundation for most online freelance jobs.
Essential digital skills
- Using a computer, keyboard, mouse, and operating system.
- Creating, renaming, organising, and saving files.
- Uploading and downloading documents.
- Using internet browsers and search engines.
- Sending emails and attaching files.
- Using cloud storage such as Google Drive and OneDrive.
- Taking screenshots and recording screens when required.
- Converting documents into PDF and other common formats.
- Troubleshooting simple technical problems.
File management
Freelancers should organise files in a way that makes them easy to find. For example, create folders for clients, projects, drafts, final deliverables, and invoices.
Use clear filenames such as Client_Report_October_2026.docx rather than newfile2.docx.
Online safety
Protect your accounts with strong, unique passwords and multifactor authentication. Avoid suspicious downloads, never share verification codes, and check that files are shared with the correct permissions.
Practical exercise: Create a project folder, write a short document, save it, export it as a PDF, and upload both versions to cloud storage.
Page 4: Written Communication Skills
Written communication is essential because many freelance projects are managed through email, chat, project briefs, and written reports.
Clients expect freelancers to understand instructions and communicate progress clearly.
Important writing abilities
- Writing professional emails.
- Explaining ideas clearly and concisely.
- Asking relevant questions.
- Following written instructions.
- Checking grammar, spelling, and punctuation.
- Writing reports and project updates.
- Summarising information accurately.
- Responding politely to feedback.
Example of professional communication
EXAMPLE MESSAGE TO A CLIENT
Subject: Clarification on Project Deliverables
Hello,
Thank you for sharing the project requirements. I would like to confirm whether you prefer the final report in Microsoft Word, PDF, or both formats.
Once confirmed, I will proceed according to the agreed deadline.
Best regards, Your Name
Common mistakes to avoid
- Sending messages without proofreading.
- Using rude or overly casual language in formal situations.
- Ignoring a client's questions.
- Making promises you cannot keep.
- Sending incomplete attachments.
Practical exercise: Write a professional email introducing yourself and explaining how you can help a potential client.
Page 5: Verbal Communication and Active Listening
Freelancers may attend online meetings, conduct client interviews, or explain their work through video calls. Clear speaking and careful listening help prevent misunderstandings.
Skills to develop
- Speaking clearly and confidently.
- Listening without interrupting.
- Asking questions when instructions are unclear.
- Taking accurate meeting notes.
- Explaining technical information in simple language.
- Confirming decisions and deadlines.
- Presenting ideas professionally.
How to prepare for client meetings
Before a meeting, review the project brief and prepare a few relevant questions. During the meeting, record the important requirements and clarify anything uncertain.
Afterward, send a short written summary of agreed actions, deadlines, and responsibilities.
Example
A client asks you to redesign a presentation but does not specify the number of slides or the intended audience.
Instead of making assumptions, ask:
- Who will view the presentation?
- Is there an existing template or brand guide?
- How many slides are expected?
- When is the final presentation required?
Remember that professional communication does not require a particular accent. The goal is to communicate accurately, respectfully, and confidently.
Practical exercise: Record a one-minute introduction describing your chosen freelance service. Listen to it and identify areas to improve.
Page 6: Time Management and Reliability
Freelancers are often responsible for organising their own schedules. Time management helps them complete tasks efficiently and meet agreed deadlines.
Essential time-management skills
- Planning daily and weekly activities.
- Breaking large projects into manageable tasks.
- Estimating how long work will take.
- Prioritising urgent and important tasks.
- Tracking deadlines and progress.
- Managing interruptions.
- Allowing time for revisions and quality checks.
Useful tools
Examples include Google Calendar, Microsoft To Do, Trello, Asana, and simple spreadsheets. The best tool is one you can use consistently.
A simple daily workflow
- Review outstanding tasks.
- Identify the most important deliverables.
- Assign realistic time blocks.
- Complete focused work before moving to less urgent activities.
- Review the finished work.
- Update the client and plan the next day.
Reliability matters
If a deadline is at risk, notify the client early. Explain the issue, the progress made, and a realistic revised timeline. Do not wait until the deadline has passed.
Practical exercise: Plan a day containing three work tasks, two breaks, and a final quality check. Assign a deadline to each task.
Page 7: Problem-Solving and Critical Thinking
Problem-solving is the ability to identify an issue, examine the available information, and develop a suitable solution. Critical thinking helps you assess whether information, instructions, and proposed solutions are reasonable.
Clients value freelancers who can work through ordinary challenges without unnecessary delays.
Key skills
- Identifying the actual problem.
- Separating facts from assumptions.
- Comparing possible solutions.
- Checking figures and information for errors.
- Recognising when additional information is needed.
- Explaining problems and recommending next steps.
- Learning from mistakes and feedback.
A practical problem-solving process
1. Identify the problem
Establish what is wrong and what outcome is expected.
2. Gather information
Review the instructions, available data, and constraints.
3. Evaluate solutions
Consider possible approaches and their consequences.
4. Test and review
Apply the appropriate solution and verify the result.
Example
Suppose a spreadsheet contains duplicate entries. A freelancer should identify the duplication, check whether the records represent genuine repeat transactions, remove only confirmed duplicates, and review the final totals.
Practical exercise: Think of a common problem in your chosen service. Write down the problem, three possible solutions, and how you would check the result.
Page 8: Research and Information Management
Research skills enable freelancers to find, understand, verify, and organise information. These skills are useful in virtual assistance, writing, business research, market analysis, and many other fields.
Essential research skills
- Using search engines effectively.
- Identifying reliable sources.
- Comparing information from multiple sources.
- Checking publication dates and relevance.
- Summarising information without changing its meaning.
- Recording sources and links.
- Organising research findings.
- Respecting copyright and confidentiality.
How to conduct reliable research
Start by defining the question you need to answer. Use specific search terms, consult relevant sources, and check the evidence supporting important claims.
Official websites, original documents, established institutions, and relevant research publications can be useful starting points. However, even reputable sources should be checked for date, scope, and context.
Example freelance assignment
A client asks you to research five project-management applications. Your report could compare their main features, pricing information, intended users, and limitations.
You should record where each fact came from and clearly distinguish verified information from your own assessment.
Ethical research practices
Do not copy another person's work and present it as your own. Do not fabricate statistics, references, or interview findings. Protect private information supplied by clients.
Practical exercise: Research three tools used in your chosen freelance field. Prepare a short comparison based on reliable sources.
Page 9: Office Software and Collaboration Tools
Office and collaboration software helps freelancers produce documents, organise information, communicate with clients, and deliver professional results.
Essential tools to learn
Word or Google Docs
Create and format reports, proposals, letters, and other documents.
Excel or Google Sheets
Organise data, use formulas, filter records, and create charts.
PowerPoint or Google Slides
Prepare presentations with clear structure and consistent formatting.
Cloud storage and collaboration
Share files, manage permissions, collaborate, and maintain version history.
Other useful applications
- Zoom or Google Meet for online meetings.
- Slack or Microsoft Teams for team communication.
- Trello or Asana for project tracking.
- Canva for graphics and simple presentations.
- PDF tools for reviewing, combining, and exporting documents.
How to learn these tools
Begin with the features needed for your chosen service. For example, a data-entry freelancer should practise sorting, filtering, data validation, and basic spreadsheet formulas.
Practical exercise: Create a one-page report, a spreadsheet with sample data, and a five-slide presentation. Check all three for accuracy and formatting.
Page 10: Role-Specific Technical Skills
Technical skills are the practical abilities required to deliver a particular service. The skills you need depend on your chosen freelance career.
You do not need to master every profession. Focus on one main service and add related skills as your experience grows.
Popular freelance career paths
Freelance field
Important skills
Virtual assistance
Email, calendars, research, documents, scheduling
Graphic design
Layout, typography, colour, Canva or design software
Content writing
Grammar, research, editing, audience awareness
Bookkeeping
Accounting principles, reconciliations, spreadsheets, accounting software
Data entry
Accuracy, typing, spreadsheets, data validation
Video editing
Cutting footage, audio, captions, transitions, export settings
Web development
HTML, CSS, JavaScript, testing and debugging
Digital marketing
Content strategy, social media, analytics, advertising fundamentals
Customer support
Active listening, written communication, ticketing systems
AI evaluation
Following rubrics, reasoning, accuracy checks, consistent assessment
How to develop technical expertise
- Identify the tools commonly used in your field.
- Study the fundamental concepts behind the tools.
- Complete guided exercises.
- Build independent practice projects.
- Review your work against professional standards.
- Create portfolio samples demonstrating what you can do.
Example: Virtual assistance
A beginner could practise creating calendar appointments, drafting email responses, formatting documents, conducting online research, and maintaining a task tracker.
Example: Bookkeeping
A learner could use fictional transactions to practise recording entries, categorising expenses, reconciling accounts, and preparing a simple financial report. Real client records require appropriate competence and confidentiality.
Practical exercise: Select one career path from the table. List five technical skills you need and plan how you will practise each one.
Page 11: Portfolio Development
A portfolio is a collection of work samples that demonstrates your abilities to potential clients. It helps clients assess your skills rather than relying only on your claims.
A beginner can build a portfolio before receiving a first paid assignment.
What should a portfolio contain?
- Two or three relevant work samples to start.
- A short description of each project.
- The problem or objective addressed.
- The tools and methods used.
- The final deliverable or result.
- Contact or profile information, where appropriate.
Portfolio examples by profession
Graphic designer: A set of social media graphics, a flyer, and a simple brand presentation.
Virtual assistant: A sample weekly schedule, a formatted report, and a fictional project tracker.
Writer: Two original articles, a well-edited document, and a sample content calendar.
Data-entry freelancer: A spreadsheet demonstrating clean formatting, validation, sorting, and accurate calculations using fictional data.
Video editor: A short demonstration video showing editing, captions, and appropriate audio levels.
How to build a strong portfolio
Choose samples that match the jobs you want. Make each sample easy to view, proofread it carefully, and explain your contribution.
If the work is a personal practice project, identify it honestly as a sample. Never disclose confidential client information or claim someone else's work as your own.
Where to display your portfolio
Depending on your field and the platform's rules, you may use a personal website, a professional profile, a permitted portfolio platform, or a shareable cloud folder.
Practical exercise: Create your first portfolio sample and write a 100-word explanation of what it demonstrates.
Page 12: Building a Professional Freelance Profile
Your profile is often one of the first things a potential client sees. A strong profile explains your service, relevant experience, and the value you can provide.
Elements of an effective profile
1. A clear headline
Use a headline that identifies your service.
Example: Virtual Assistant | Email Management, Research and Document Support.
2. A focused overview
Explain the tasks you handle, the clients you can help, and the deliverables you provide.
3. Relevant skills
List skills that you can genuinely demonstrate. Prioritise the ones most relevant to your target projects.
4. Portfolio samples
Include relevant examples where the platform allows them.
5. Professional presentation
Check spelling, formatting, contact details, and profile completeness. Follow the platform's rules on photographs and external links.
Example profile overview
I provide virtual assistance and administrative support to individuals and businesses that need help organising everyday operations. My services include document formatting, online research, spreadsheet updates, email support, and task tracking. I focus on clear communication, attention to detail, confidentiality, and meeting agreed deadlines. I am committed to understanding each client's requirements and delivering organised, accurate work.
Adapt this example to your actual skills and experience. Remove any service you are not ready to provide.
Common profile mistakes
- Claiming expertise in too many unrelated areas.
- Copying another freelancer's profile.
- Making unsupported claims about results or years of experience.
- Using vague descriptions without identifying actual services.
- Leaving important sections incomplete.
Practical exercise: Write a headline and a short profile overview for your chosen freelance service.
Page 13: Finding Clients and Using Freelance Platforms
A freelancer needs a consistent way to identify suitable clients and discover opportunities. Technical ability is important, but clients cannot hire you if they do not know your service exists.
Ways to find freelance work
- Online freelance marketplaces.
- Professional networking websites.
- Direct outreach to businesses.
- Referrals from satisfied clients.
- Industry communities and professional groups.
- A personal website or portfolio.
- Existing professional relationships.
Examples of freelance platforms
Upwork
A freelance marketplace with projects across writing, administration, design, programming, finance, and other professional fields.
Fiverr
A marketplace where freelancers offer defined services and packages to clients.
A professional networking platform for building relationships, sharing expertise, and finding opportunities.
Hubstaff Talent
A platform for discovering remote professionals and work opportunities.
How to use freelance platforms effectively
- Complete your profile honestly.
- Choose a specific service category.
- Search for projects that match your current skills.
- Read the entire project description.
- Submit tailored proposals.
- Track applications and follow up appropriately.
- Improve your profile and portfolio based on feedback.
Protect yourself from scams
Be cautious if a supposed client asks you to pay money to secure a job, return part of a cheque payment, purchase gift cards, or share passwords and verification codes.
Check the platform's payment and communication rules before accepting work.
Practical exercise: Choose one platform, review its rules, and identify five projects that match your skills. You can research opportunities before applying.
Page 14: Writing Proposals That Win Projects
A proposal is a message explaining how you intend to help a client complete a particular project. A good proposal demonstrates understanding, competence, and professionalism.
Essential elements of a proposal
- A relevant opening that refers to the client's needs.
- A brief explanation of your relevant skills.
- Your proposed approach to the task.
- The deliverables you can provide.
- Any essential clarification questions.
- A realistic timeline, where known.
Example proposal for a virtual assistant job
Hello,
I can help you organise your administrative tasks, update spreadsheets, format documents, and maintain an organised task tracker.
My approach is to review your instructions, agree on priorities and deadlines, complete the work carefully, and check the deliverables before submission.
Could you please confirm the expected weekly workload and the tools your team currently uses?
I would welcome the opportunity to discuss how I can support your workflow.
Best regards.
How to improve your proposals
- Personalise each application.
- Address the client's actual requirements.
- Provide relevant evidence of your ability.
- Keep the message concise.
- Avoid generic claims such as “I am the best person for this job.”
- Never fabricate experience, client results, or qualifications.
Before accepting a project
Confirm the scope, deliverables, deadline, price, revision arrangements, communication method, and payment terms. For larger projects, consider agreed milestones and appropriate payment protections.
Practical exercise: Find a sample job description and write a proposal that addresses at least three requirements from the brief.
Page 15: Client Service and Professionalism
Client service is the way you communicate with clients, manage expectations, respond to feedback, and handle responsibilities throughout a project.
Good client service can encourage repeat business and referrals.
Important client-management skills
Clear expectations: Agree on what you will deliver and what is outside the project's scope.
Regular updates: Tell the client about progress at agreed intervals.
Confidentiality: Protect personal, financial, business, and other sensitive information.
Responsiveness: Reply within a reasonable timeframe and communicate availability.
Adaptability: Adjust to reasonable changes while discussing their impact on cost and deadlines.
Accountability: Acknowledge mistakes, correct them where possible, and explain how you will prevent similar problems.
Handling client feedback
Do not treat every correction as a personal criticism. Review the feedback, identify the requested changes, and clarify anything ambiguous.
If the client requests work outside the original agreement, explain the additional time or cost before proceeding.
Example
A client asks you to add several new sections to a report after the agreed draft has been completed.
A professional response would acknowledge the request, explain that the new sections expand the original scope, and agree on the revised deliverables and timeline.
Confidentiality and trust
Use client information only for authorised purposes. Avoid sharing project files in public portfolios without permission. Follow applicable agreements and remove access to shared resources when appropriate.
Practical exercise: Write a polite response to a client who requests an additional task that was not included in the original agreement.
Page 16: Pricing, Invoicing and Financial Management
Freelancing is also a business. Understanding pricing, invoices, expenses, and payments helps you manage your work sustainably.
Common pricing methods
- Hourly rate: Charge for the hours worked.
- Fixed project fee: Agree on a price for specified deliverables.
- Milestone pricing: Divide a project into stages with agreed payments.
- Retainer: Agree on a recurring fee for a defined amount of work or availability.
The right method depends on the project, its complexity, the client's requirements, and the level of uncertainty.
How to estimate a project price
Consider the time needed, complexity, tools, expenses, platform fees, revision requirements, and the level of expertise involved.
For example, if you estimate that a project requires 10 hours of work and your chosen rate is $15 per hour, the estimated labour cost is:
\[ 10 \times \$15 = \$150 \]
This is an illustration, not a recommended market rate. Additional costs, taxes, platform charges, and the agreed pricing structure may affect the final amount.
Essential financial skills
- Preparing invoices.
- Tracking income and expenses.
- Monitoring outstanding payments.
- Keeping receipts and transaction records.
- Planning for irregular income.
- Understanding relevant tax obligations.
- Maintaining appropriate business records.
Example invoice checklist
An invoice generally includes the freelancer's business details, client details, invoice number, issue date, description of services, amount due, payment terms, and relevant taxes where applicable.
Protect your payments
Confirm the price and scope in writing. For unfamiliar clients, consider appropriate milestones or platform payment protections. Never assume a payment has cleared merely because a client sends a screenshot.
Practical exercise: Prepare a sample invoice for a fictional project and create a spreadsheet to record its income, expenses, and payment status.
Page 17: AI Tools and Responsible Use
Artificial intelligence tools can help freelancers brainstorm, draft, summarise, organise information, and improve productivity. Examples include writing assistants, research tools, image-generation applications, and AI-supported spreadsheet features.
However, AI output can contain errors. Freelancers remain responsible for the quality of the work they deliver.
Useful AI-related skills
- Writing clear instructions or prompts.
- Providing appropriate context.
- Reviewing generated content critically.
- Identifying factual errors and unsupported claims.
- Checking calculations and references.
- Editing output for tone, clarity, and relevance.
- Understanding when human judgement is necessary.
Examples of AI applications in freelancing
Freelance service
Possible AI assistance
Writing
Brainstorming and outlining
Virtual assistance
Drafting routine messages
Graphic design
Generating concepts and design ideas
Data analysis
Suggesting formulas or explaining patterns
Video production
Drafting captions and video outlines
AI evaluation
Assessing output against defined criteria
Responsible use of AI
- Follow the client's instructions and applicable platform rules.
- Verify important facts and figures.
- Do not invent citations or claim unverified results.
- Protect confidential information and personal data.
- Disclose AI use when required.
- Ensure the final output meets the agreed requirements.
A valuable specialist skill: AI evaluation
Some projects involve comparing AI responses, identifying errors, assessing completeness, and applying evaluation rubrics consistently.
These tasks require attention to detail, careful reading, logical reasoning, and the ability to explain why an output meets or fails specified criteria.
Practical exercise: Ask an AI tool to draft a short business email. Review it for accuracy, tone, completeness, and compliance with the instructions, then revise it yourself.
Page 18: Personal Branding and Continuous Learning
Personal branding is how you present your professional identity, services, and expertise to potential clients. Continuous learning helps you remain effective as tools and client expectations change.
Building a professional brand
- Choose a clear service niche.
- Maintain accurate, consistent profile information.
- Present relevant portfolio samples.
- Communicate professionally.
- Share useful work-related insights where appropriate.
- Build relationships with other professionals.
- Ask satisfied clients for honest feedback or testimonials when permitted.
Develop your skills continuously
Identify gaps between your current abilities and the requirements of the projects you want to pursue.
You can improve through online courses, tutorials, practice projects, books, professional communities, and feedback from experienced people.
A simple learning cycle
- Identify one skill to improve.
- Study the relevant concepts.
- Practise the skill on a realistic task.
- Review the result against a standard.
- Seek feedback.
- Repeat and document your progress.
Avoid certificate collecting without practice
Certificates can demonstrate learning, but they do not automatically prove that you can deliver professional work. Combine relevant training with practical projects.
Example
A virtual assistant who already understands email management could learn spreadsheet reporting next. This creates a related service offering without requiring them to change careers completely.
Practical exercise: Identify three skills you want to improve. Choose one to practise every week for the next month.
Page 19: A 30-Day Freelancing Action Plan
This four-week plan provides a practical starting point for beginners. You can adjust it to your schedule, resources, and level of experience.
Week 1
Choose your service
- Select one freelance skill.
- Research common client requirements.
- Identify the tools you need.
- Begin introductory lessons.
- Write a clear description of your service.
Week 2
Practise the technical skills
- Complete guided exercises.
- Practise independently.
- Create your first sample project.
- Review accuracy and formatting.
- Identify areas that need improvement.
Week 3
Build your professional presence
- Create two or three portfolio samples.
- Prepare a focused freelance profile.
- Draft a reusable proposal structure.
- Practise client communication.
- Review relevant platform rules.
Week 4
Begin looking for clients
- Identify suitable projects.
- Submit tailored applications.
- Track your applications.
- Practise discussing scope and deadlines.
- Improve your portfolio using feedback.
Track your progress
Record the following each week:
- Practice hours completed.
- New skills learned.
- Portfolio samples completed.
- Relevant projects researched.
- Proposals submitted.
- Feedback received and improvements made.
Do not judge your progress solely by whether you secure a client immediately. The goal of the first month is to develop useful skills, demonstrate your ability, and establish a repeatable process for finding work.
Practical exercise: Create a calendar for the next 30 days and assign a specific learning or portfolio task to each working day.
Page 20: Final Checklist and Conclusion
Before applying for freelance jobs, review the following checklist to assess your readiness.
Freelancer readiness checklist
0/10
I can explain my chosen freelance service clearly.
I have practised the essential technical skills for my service.
I can use the required computer applications and online tools.
I can write professional messages and understand client instructions.
I can organise my time and meet agreed deadlines.
I have at least one relevant portfolio sample.
I can write a proposal tailored to a client's requirements.
I understand how to agree on deliverables, pricing, and payment terms.
I know how to protect confidential information and avoid common scams.
I have a plan for continuous learning and finding clients.
Reset checklist
The five most important lessons
1. Develop a marketable skill. Focus on solving a particular problem rather than trying to offer every possible service.
2. Demonstrate your ability. Use practice projects and portfolio samples to show clients what you can deliver.
3. Communicate professionally. Clear writing, careful listening, and timely updates help build trust.
4. Deliver reliable work. Accuracy, confidentiality, attention to detail, and meeting agreed deadlines are essential to long-term success.
5. Treat freelancing as a business. Learn to find clients, prepare proposals, agree on scope, manage payments, and improve your services.
Final conclusion
Freelancing can create opportunities for people who are willing to learn, practise, and develop their professional skills. However, success is not guaranteed, and earning income may take time. Competition, client demand, experience, and the quality of your work all influence your opportunities.
You do not need to master every skill in this guide before beginning. Start with one service that suits your interests and abilities. Learn the necessary tools, create practical samples, build a professional profile, and apply for suitable projects.
Your first goal should be to become good at one useful service. Your next goal should be to demonstrate that skill to the right clients.
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